DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
In this chapter we learned all about the inter-workings of the protein synthesis process. We learned how to complete RNA strands from DNA strands and vice versa. We learned how to take a DNA strand, find it's mRNA codon, find it's tRNA anti-codon, and the actual amino acid it creates. We also learned about the different levels of protein structures.
DNA Processes
TRANSCRIPTION - process which turns the DNA strand into RNA. RNA Polymerase binds to the DNA strand and zips through it creating a code. The RNA Polymerase then leaves the nucleus and becomes mRNA.
TRANSLATION -The creation of the actual protein sequence which codes into the completed protein. Facilitated by the mRNA and created in the ribosomes of the cell.
TRANSLATION -The creation of the actual protein sequence which codes into the completed protein. Facilitated by the mRNA and created in the ribosomes of the cell.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
- PROTIEN - A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
- AMINO ACIDS – basic components of proteins.
- PEPTIDE BOND - The covalent bond joining amino acids, particularly at the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the other amino acid, with the concomitant release of a molecule of water.
- DIPEPTIDE – a new molecule, which has been formed, made up of two linked amino acids.
- POLYPEPTIDE- a molecule made up of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
- RIBSOSOMES - are the sites where amino acids are linked together to form polypeptides
- ENZYMES – biological catalysts
- ENZYMES – biological catalysts.
- ACTIVE SITE - region in an enzyme where another molecule or molecules can bind.
- SUBSTRATE – the molecule that binds to an enzyme.
- ENZYME + SUBSTRATE COMPLEX – the combined structure of substrate and enzyme.
- PRODUCTS – end result substances from a reaction.
- ACTIVATION ENERGY – the energy needed before a reaction takes place.
Additional diagrams
The levels of protein structure DIagram
Class assignments
This was a quiz we were given to demonstrate how well we retained knowledge from this unit. It was a very intensive quiz, covering everything we learned (turning DNA strands into RNA, turning RNA to protein sequences)
In this quiz we had to memorize and draw the structure for the amino acids. We had to memorize all twenty and we weren't told which were going to be on the test. I had scored a 105% on the test.
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This was a multiple choice quiz we were given to test our knowledge about the different protein structure levels.
This was the vocabulary quiz we were given during the chapter.
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